People would offer sacrifices to Hyang (souls or ghosts) to be protected and blessed. In ancient Java, people believed that one's roh (soul) would continue living in the world after death. But most experts throughout Southeast Asia agree that shadow puppet shows began as religious rituals. In Malaysia, opinions on the origin of the Kelantan shadow play differ. Many characters include distinct Thai features such as pagoda crowns, round noses, and single-joint swing arms. For example, it employs Javanese vocabulary such as wayang (shadow puppet show), panggung (stage), kelir (screen) and Tok Dalang (shadow play performer). Javanese and Thai elements have been fused into its vocabulary and characters. Indirectly influenced by Chinese shadow puppetry, the Kelantan shadow play was also profoundly influenced by Thai and Indonesian cultures due to the region's geographical proximity to Thailand and Indonesia. The Kelantan shadow play is the most traditional and popular among the regional variants of puppet plays in Malaysia, with its own unique style and features in historical origin, storytelling, and performance. The puppeteer sits behind the screen and tells traditional folk stories, while the audience watches from the other side. A light source is placed behind a white cloth screen between two banana trees, and the show is accompanied by a mini band of drums, clarinets, and gongs. A typical Kelantan shadow play consists of cut-out puppets for gods, humans, demons, apes, and lesser creatures made from animal hides. This art has been preserved to this day as an important artistic and cultural representative of Malaysian culture. Malaysian shadow plays originated in Kelantan and spread to other regions of the country including Melayu, Gedek, and Purwa. However, most don't realize that this ancient form of Chinese art was introduced to Southeast Asia in the 13th Century and took root there. With a long history and strong appeal, this form of art is still popular among Chinese people. In the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), the art was introduced to West Asia and Europe. According to historical records, shadow plays were born in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and flourished in the Tang (618-907) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. Shadow plays are one of the oldest forms of drama in China and an ancient folk tradition and art that originated in Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province. Figures crafted from animal hides, alongside a light source, a white screen, and some music, can open the door to a wonderful black-and-white world. People often find a piece of themselves in the shadows. They can depict happiness and sadness, courage and timidity, good and evil. They can capture perfect silhouettes of anything in the world while eliminating specific texture. Shadows are also commonly used for entertainment. Shadow puppets and props from ancient China are on display in the Turin Museum of Italy and the Paris Film Museum.Shadows are a common optical phenomenon that have long inspired the imagination. The theory of shadow puppetry is similar to that of modern films so that many historians believe that films were invented on the base of the shadow puppetry. In 1767, it entered France and was shown in Paris. Shadow puppetry was introduced into India, Arab and Turkey in the 13 thcentury and the Southeast Asia a bit later. The wizard may be the first "director" in China. Emperor Wudi saw the shadow and felt that Madam Li came back to life so that he awarded the wizard a lot of money. A wizard named Shaoweng cut a piece of animal skin into the shape of Madam Li and made its shadow on the cloth tent. A legend has it that after the death of Madam Li, the wife of Han Emperor Wudi, he missed her very much. Shadow puppetry appeared in the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD). According to film historians, movies have their origin in the ancient Chinese art of shadow puppetry, where puppeteers manipulate figures made of paper or animal skin against a backlit translucent screen.
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